AVIATION LAW

Flying LAW This exceptionally particular field of law includes most features of air travel, just as the activity and guideline of business issues identifying with air travel, which requires a thorough information on FAA guidelines, explicit laws in regards to flight, and a top to bottom comprehension of aeronautics. It oversees the activity of airplane and the support of aeronautics offices. Flight law relates to about all people associated with the activity and support of airplane. Air traffic guideline polices, in both bureaucratic and state government, has made laws and authoritative organizations with specific limitations keeping states from managing courses, administrations, or the paces of all air bearers approved to give interstate air transportation by the Federal Aviation Acts. Through Laws, aeronautics industry been composed as far as their exercises and polished methodology denying all demonstrations that may jeopardize planes, air terminals or any office identified with flight administrations. The law commits avionics laborers to get grant or permit from perceived bodies, with punishments and fines to be forced for infringement. The law has been used to survey and screen all avionics activities and flight authorities, and may moreover portray any exhibits that comprise danger on flying offices, air tasks, planes, air explorers and air traffic. To stop it, the law that has to do with avionics is Aviation law and this is the part of law that administers the legalities and business parts of flight and air transport, for example, air traffic rights, aeronautics wellbeing and security, monetary guidelines of carriers, and the activity of air terminals. 2.1 Aviation Safety An exceptional methods for versatility is one of the skeletal make up of an advanced society. Each mean of transportation interfaces with one another. They play out an equivalent capacity at various measurements. Out of the considerable number of methods for transportation, air transport is the most secure with respect to the proportion between the quantity of mishaps and that of traveler/kilometers. Another issue is that when occurrences or mishaps happen, for example, plane accident, with setbacks, all ears know about it and this gets the consideration of the legislature. It is accordingly not new or amazing that each State government needs and concentrate on it more than different methods for transportation. One of the key components to build the open trust in air transport is set up a standard faultless degree of wellbeing in the Aviation Sector through law. Aeronautics security isn't a plan of a gathering or an order of individuals; it s an all inclusive worry that needs a worldwide consideration and authorization. It is basically the significant issues on a world stage. Having the option to basically decipher the word wellbeing in the aeronautics is significant. What does security implies? As per Merriam-Webster definition, security itself implies the state of being protected from experiencing or causing hurt, injury, or misfortune. This definition, whenever applied to the flying scene, would thoroughly picture don't conflict with the central rule of nature since the law of gravity is widespread and machines (which is inclined to specialized issue) are not human. Another definition clarified that wellbeing is a mechanical gadget intended to forestall incidental or risky activities. This could imply that on the off chance that we conflict with the laws of nature, gadgets with high innovative ideas can be utilized to do tasks of high hazard with the propensities of going around inescapable disasters. A source gave another meaning of wellbeing as a total comprehension of your work and information on each progression that must be taken and the acknowledgment that missteps could be expensive to yourself and to the organization. This in genuine se nse could imply that each staff in the (flying) industry must be totally learned and satisfactorily prepared consistently towards each activity going on in the business and not having trust in karma yet having the correct psyche to deal with any abrupt hitches that may come up energetically. All the more in this way, wellbeing could mean recollecting the security rules set up by an organization and applying them consistently when at work. It very well may be at last finished up, with the comprehension of air transportation, as per the definition given by ICAO Air Navigation Commission that aeronautics wellbeing is a condition of opportunity from unsuitable danger of injury to people or harm to airplane and property . This significance is very fathoming as it demonstrates that mistake(s) that lead to lethal mishaps would turn into an unfortunate peril, for exercises must be educated and since wellbeing is anything but an unbending idea, it must be deftly and presented to changes in s ynchronism with mechanical and creative headway. What caused power disappointment, wire sparkles, or specialized issue in a year ago s crash must not rehash itself in the current year. As indicated by the ICAO meaning of flight security, everything must be put or fixed and there must be a zero or unimportant hazard before tasks. Be that as it may, marriage among wellbeing and security can't be separated. Regardless of the most noteworthy safeguards set up to learn wellbeing in a circumstance, such circumstance must be made sure about. The September 11, 2001 assault on US was not because of default in wellbeing, it was the capacity of the psychological militants to bye-pass the security instruments, which invalidated the powerful wellbeing systems that was set up. To make flying wellbeing at its ideal level, flight security must be kept and rewarded as a subset to it. Each carrier organization has an obligation to consent to the standards and guidelines of the States Aviation Regulatory Bodies. Moreover, no State Aviation Authority is self-governing, they should be under the global body, which gives and decides that all airplanes and aircrafts must consent to before flying. The job of aeronautics wellbeing is nevertheless not restricted to anticipation of mishaps yet covers all degrees yet this investigation will concentrate on simply its legitimate dimensional part. It has been noticed that wellbeing isn't constrained to mishap counteraction, however ought to be considered in a more extensive term as hazard the board. Guarding the aeronautics business is only the law, which fixes the correct things to set up to guarantee wellbeing. For instance, the Federal Aviation Agency which is burdened with the duty to control aircrafts in US has held onto wellbeing as its center strategic the announcement Our central goal is to give the most secure, most effective aviation framework on the planet and our mantra is to improve the wellbeing and effectiveness of aeronautics, while being receptive to our clients and responsible to the open . Similarly in, the EU, the European Aviation Safety Agency, EASA, which is the focal point of the European Union’s system for aeronautics security has its strategic, states that to advance the most elevated basic guidelines of wellbeing and natural insurance in common flying. They fundamentally draft enactment that fixates on aeronautics wellbeing and works connected at the hip with the national specialists, which keep on doing numerous operational errands, for example, affirmation of individual airplane or authorizing of pilots. Moreover, in Nigeria, the most populated dark country on the planet, has Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority, NCAA, as its most elevated flight administrative body that guarantees that all partners in the division follow the aeronautics security guidelines. Where security rules are breeched, the NCAA takes solid restorative activities to authorize consistence which may incorporate assents. As it is prominent that each equitable government must have a 3-arm segment, which establish of the official, council and legal executive, it is additionally not new that they should work as a sovereign element. They can make laws that would exclusively influence them and structure attaches with neighborly countries with arrangements of monetary and political significance. As it is very relevant for states to be liberated from any type of outside hostility, its will be upsetting and hazardous to leave a few issues in the possession of States to direct completely without some global bodies impacting them. In as much that residents of State A can have the opportunity to picked another State of interests to visit for any valid justifications, at that point wellbeing conventions that is controlled by worldwide bodies would spare State B from the conceivable security carelessness from State A s flying division. Since law is a result of drafting of bills, passing the bills and offering con sent to it and actualizing it, it very well may be seen that when laws managing flying industry, having as a primary concern that there are rules of universal guidelines which ties all, every administrative arm of a State have the obligation to wed the national laws with the worldwide principles to such an extent that the world will have a protected air transport framework. 2.2 Civil Aviation It is among the most broadly controlled segment on the planet. Each and every specialized faculty, hardware and air terminal must be guaranteed and checked by skilled administrative offices known as Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs). To be sure, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other worldwide bodies in this way assess even the CAAs themselves. The working principles, rules and measures utilized in common avionics have Standards And Recommended Practices (SARP) of ICAO and specified National laws and guidelines as there working layout. 2.3 History of Aviation Safety It is critical to consistently have a fine association between the past, present and what's to come. Avionics security didn't simply turn into an issue of concern today. It tends to be gone back to when people started to add air to the methods for transportation. History of plane can be followed to the age of the Wright Brothers who conflicted with all chances to air-control an airplane that was motor fueled for 12 seconds in 1903. In any case, the thoughts of these siblings were custom-made to meet the points of victo

Ricker Oils Marketing Plan

Official Summary Armstrong (2000, p.22) characterizes a promoting plan as a composed archive which subtleties the important activities important to accomplish the advertising targets defined. A Marketing plan is an outline for conveying the estimation of your items and administrations to your clients (Anon, 2005, para. 2).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Ricker Oil’s Marketing Plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ricker Oil constrained was established in 1979 and right now works 49 accommodation stores in Indiana State. The organization appropriates top notch oil items to different classes of shoppers in Indiana. The organization as indicated by Simpson (2010, p.15) is focused on network administration, client assistance and corporate trust as its establishment. This Marketing plan is a one year system in light of the ongoing spillage in the Gulf of Mexico. The spill has influenced the business. The future ramifications that it has to t he organization is dissected. The spillage is a danger to the business and henceforth there is a need to have a reasonable path forward in dealing with the current circumstance. So as to achieve this, the firm has built up a promoting plan. The procedures thus are in accordance with the general field-tested strategy and goes about as a vital outline. Circumstance examination One of the significant difficulties confronting the oil business in United States is because of oil spillage in the Gulf of Mexico by the contracted provider that is British Petroleum Public Limited Company. The result of the spillage as indicated by BP (2010) has influenced countless business people and free merchants who manage the brand. Being one of the organizations managing BP items as a wholesaler, the supervisory group needs to consider how to make due in business in the midst of client grievances with respect to the circumstance. A portion of the stations, for example, the Ricker Oil which manage BP bra nds can't separate themselves from the test confronting the oil organization as expressed by Elliot (2007, p.130). This is because of the way that these stations are in presence because of an agreement among them and BP Oil. These agreements stretch for various years henceforth it is difficult to end them without bringing about enormous budgetary commitment and legitimate results. Organization investigation The Companys objective is to run the most beneficial and expertly oversaw gas station in the United States. In its activity, the firm spotlights on client care, representative and investors fulfillment. The company’s objective is to claim half of the oil piece of the overall industry in Indiana before the finish of the 2010.Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its piece of the pie has diminished as of late because of clients avoiding organizations conveying BP brands which are credited to the oil spillage emergency in the Gulf of Mexico. In any case, the supervisory group is resolved to guarantee that the emergency doesn't enormously influence the business. Rivalry inside the oil part in Indiana isn't firm. What's more, there are a couple of built up brands in Indiana. The majority of these sellers are autonomous stations. The organization has sufficient assets accessible to completely actualize the showcasing plan. For instance, during the past money related year, the firm figured out how to enroll high benefits. A critical extent of the benefit was placed in the save which is in accordance with its strategy. This implies the firm has adequate measure of funds to actualize the showcasing plan. PESTEL Analysis According to Decision Group (2000, para. 2), the US world of politics has experienced a change over the ongoing past. The administration has detailed an arrangement planned for improving the oil industry’s ability to manage the oil spillage emergency. For instance, the administration offered charge refund to pad against decreasing deals as the emergency is being managed. This pads Ricker Oil against financial changes, for example, expansion and ascend in loan fees. This is ideal for the company’s activity. The day by day diary conveyed an article which indicated that drill oil in Indiana would be hard. With an end goal to advance oil industry, the US government has figured a strategy planned for expanding investigation of oil and gas (Department of Energy, 2010, para. 5). So as to misuse this chance, firms managing oil creation are required to put vigorously on innovation so as to be compelling in penetrating. Changes in the social condition have had the biggest effect on business activity. One of the social changes identify with the low interest for the company’s items because of progress in purchaser conduct and mentality towards BP brands. Then again, innovation has assumed a positive job in the activity of the firm. This emerges from the new eco-accommodating petroleum items propelled by BP. Presently; the petroleum item is the best quality in the market. Joining of new innovation in oil stockpiling and transportation will incredibly lessen misfortunes acquired through vanishing and spillage.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Ricker Oil’s Marketing Plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This will altogether diminish costs brought about by the firm. Lawful issues corresponding to wellbeing and security are as yet unaltered however there are signs that the legislature will institute new guideline to forestall future oil spillage emergency and in dealing with oil emergency. Market Analysis The oil advertise has a high potential for development regardless of the low deals which are credited to the oil spillage emergency. Ricker Oil is settled in Indian state. Be that as it may, the firm’s supervisory crew expects to secure a half piece of the overall industry inside the following one year. Through obtaining, the firm has had the option to expand the quantity of its gas stations. The ongoing acquisitions involved two stations which were already under one of our competitor’s image. BP Company is imparting realities identified with oil spillage to the purchasers consequently hold their trust to the brand. Ongoing interest for top notch eco-accommodating petroleum items corresponded with presentation by BP of the equivalent to the market. This gives the organization differential bit of leeway over its rivals. Foundation of another school, a part of the State University in the area with a limit of 1,000 understudies will create new market for our items. Shopper Analysis The present oil spillage emergency has come about into an adjustment in customer purchasing choice. The 5.4% drop in deals is ascribed to the emergency. Contrasted with different players in the market, Ricker Oil has a high c apability of development. The new drive motels experienced delineates the trust clients have on the brand. As indicated by Simpson (2010, p. 6), purchasers are faithful to the organization as a result of the great client care and proficiency in administration arrangement contrasted with the contenders. On the off chance that shoppers stop buying from the company’s stations, they will hurt the neighborhood economy. This is one of the advertising efforts that the organization has considered so as to manage the circumstance. The changing buyer conduct and demeanor is ascribed to the BP emergency. Customer disappointment is insignificant and the emergency has been made a huge deal about as appeared by bunches in Facebook and other social websites.The organization thinks about this as an individual issue. It along these lines doesn't cut over the entire buyer base.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More SWOT Analysis Gillespie (2007, p. 4) characterizes a firm’s qualities and shortcoming as natural focal points the organization has over different players in an industry. The solid brand and great appropriation systems kept up by Ricker Oil, money related capacity and working abilities are our qualities. Workers of the firm should assume a basic job and utilize their abilities for the organization to develop. To defeat our shortcomings the organization will dispatch another brand of motor oil from its own creation line thus decrease overreliance on BP brands. The oil emergency has furnished Ricker Oil with a chance to purchase of our rivals stations at bartered cost subsequently building up a higher piece of the pie and viable circulation arrange. Propelling of new eco-accommodating petroleum item matched with interest for top notch ecological well disposed fuel. This gives the organization an additional open door over its rivals in the market (Anon, 2010, para. 3). The main da nger experienced identifies with rivalry from stations conveying different brands which have been improved because of the emergency. In any case, this is brief and the organization expects typical activities in two month’s time. Dangers of new participants to the market have been predicted and the organization is repositioning itself as a main oil supplier. Furthermore, the firm offers different administrations, for example, comfort stores, free oil change and Children Park. Promoting examination The market for oil items has become hugely in the course of the last one year.This pattern is relied upon to develop later on because of the positive monetary condition achieved by solid dollar comparative with different monetary forms. What's more, execution of the upgrade bundle will advance market development. The organization expects a market development of at any rate 5% every month which will be reliable all through the time of the arrangement. The organization is growing its m arket focus to satellite towns inside the state through selecting little merchants who have built up organizations in these zones. Market division It is significant for Ricker Oil to grow its market by focusing on institutional clients, for example, corporate associations and schools in the region.This class of clients are steadfast and going into legally binding concurrence with them t

semester wrap-up

semester wrap-up one year ago i was living in an apartment in seattle while on leave from mit. the apartment looked like this: this past semester i was an mit student again. i took four and a half classes and worked a lot. i helped design an airplane in 16.82, one of the capstone options for the aero/astro degree. here is a part of that airplane (i worked on the software/communications/avionics subteam): i learned a little about digital electronics: i helped present some research i contributed to in my urop at the center for civic media: i did some things away from mit too. thats importantgetting away from mit. even when youre not on leave. i went to a documentary play about race in education and the school-to-prison pipeline, called notes from the field. it was at the american repertory theater in harvard square. i volunteered in a door-to-door get-out-the-vote campaign in newport news, virginia, the weekend before election day. i knocked on doors and reminded people to vote and got more comfortable talking to strangers. i also ate lots of granola bars. i spent a lot of time with my a cappella group, the toons. we went candlepin bowling at central park lanes we recorded a show for WMBR, mits community-run radio station. the show was called voice box. we sang some songs at the family weekend a cappella showcase too: i saw a movie about the internet: i wrote a poem about the internet, too: looking forward now. two semesters left. too much left to do. heres to 2017. Post Tagged #a cappella #Center for Civic Media #Course 16 - Aerospace Engineering #Wellesley-MIT Toons #WMBR

How Long, O Lord Will You Forget Me Forever - 2521 Words

How long, O LORD? Will you forget me forever? How long will you hide your face from me? How long must I bear pain in my soul, and have sorrow in my heart all day long? How long shall my enemy be exalted over me? Psalm 13:1-2, NSRV In my ministry as a hospital chaplain, I have grappled with a theology that would be applicable and practical for those who are in a state of disorientation struggling to find meaning in the face of grief when they enter those hospital doors. Disorientation is another way to describe what it is like to be in the wilderness. This experience of the wilderness evoke those occasions in life when the bottom falls out. It could come from illnesses, deaths, other forms of personal distress, financial†¦show more content†¦I too was shaped by God through my own wilderness experiences and as much as I want to praise God for where I am today, I want to be able to hang on to the anger that I felt as I suffered in the wilderness a big chunk of my life. My anger is what keeps me grounded in ministering to my patients, families, and staff. Every day I meet people who are living in the wilderness†¦a mom whose son will go brain dead by the morning after a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head; a spouse of twenty years who has been diagnosed with a brain tumor; a father who has had a massive stroke; a man who has been shot by his fiancà © while their two-year old son watched and then took her own life; the loved ones of a wife and mother who they have attempted to revive for the tenth time and the list goes on. Being hospitalized is a scary thing for the majority of patients and their families and this metaphor of wilderness is not just a place; it is by far something more. It is in this place of wilderness, people are alienated from family, friends, and familiar surroundings. It is in this place their power is taken away; someone else is in charge of their life and they are feeling vulnerable, scared, lonely, and discouraged. Yes when one is thrown into the wilderness, it can conjure up the picture of being in a

Revenge in Wuthering Heights and Hamlet Essay - 451 Words

In both Wuthering Heights and Hamlet characters deal with the theme of revenge, however, both characters face revenge with a different perspective. Heathcliff is isolated, pro active and rash, while Hamlet is very public which doesnt allow him to act rashly and he spends a lot of time procratinating. The motifs and methods of both characters also adds to the difference. In Shakespeares Hamlet, Hamlet is seeking revenge against claudius for the murder of his father. He is presented with many opportunities to achieve his goal, but he is constantly over analysing the situation, looking for the perfect moment. He has the perfect chance when Claudius iss praying alone in a corridor, Hamlet could have easily killed him but instead he†¦show more content†¦Hamlet could kill Claudius but instead decides to wait because he does nto want to send him to heaven. Heathcliff in Brontes Wuthering Heights, is different from this because there is no hesitation in his actions. If presented with and opportunity for revenge, he acts immediately. When he realizes that Isabella has fallen for him, he seizes the opportunity to get revenge on Edgar and marries her. There was no hesitation in his plan, he never thought of the repercussions his actions could have. The setting in the two pieces of litterature is also different and causes the two characters to act differently. Wuthering Heights is set in a desolate area away from civilization and this enables Heathcliff to act rashly, he doesnt have to be careful of other people getting in the way. Hamlet is unable to act so rashly because he is constantly in the public eye. Hamlet is also influenced by others to seek his revenge. The ghost of his father plays an important role in his wish to do so, the ghost says, Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (act 1, scene 5). He is asking Hamlet to get revenge on Claudius for killing him, and Hamlet will oblige. Heathcliff on the other hand is influence only by his desire for revenge, no ither characters had and effect on him. The major difference in the two characters is that Hamlet is seeking justice for the murder of hisShow MoreRelatedEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights Abstract This concise paper is an analogical study. It consists of three parts; the first one defines the word revenge and explains where the theme of revenge comes from and how it has expended to other types of literary works until these days. The second part of the study, is supported by exemplifies Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet. The last part of the paper, provides Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights as a good example; because one of the main themesRead More Vengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights2442 Words   |  10 PagesVengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Love, betrayal and revenge play leading roles in both Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s â€Å"Wuthering Heights.† Both works feature doomed relationships, a ghostly haunting, and death. The court at Elsinore, despite its luxurious setting, almost mirrors the seclusion of the Yorkshire moors of Wuthering Heights — making both settings almost prison like. But, it is not setting that makes both works interesting: it is theRead MoreThe Theme Of Revenge In Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1783 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights is a great literary work which keeps the audience exited from the beginning till the end of the novel. Some novels are monotonous in the way they are written and lack ideas to keep the novel move forward but this novel is an exception. Author keeps the audience guessing throughout this novel and that is one of the fundamental reasons for acceptance of this book even by the audience of this generation. Wuthering Heights basical ly revolves around its two main characters CatherineRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet As A Traditional Revenge Tragedy1380 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is one of the world’s most renowned plays, one which has stood the test of time over the course of 400 years, finding relevance even today. A complex and sophisticated work, Hamlet is a masterful weaving of the myriad of components that make up the human experience; it delicately touches upon such topics as death, romance, vengeance, and mania, among several others. Being so intricate and involuted, Hamlet has been interpreted in countless fashions since its conceptionRead MoreWhat is Grief?1639 Words   |  7 Pagesgrieving. In the novels Wuthering Heights, East of Eden, and the play Hamlet all three authors of these works explore the topic of grieving and how to overcome it. In some of the novels the characters don’t overcome it, and their grief becomes their downfall. For some, grief can take various shapes within their emotions and reactions. It can have stages and various intensities for each person it affects. For the character Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, his griefRead MoreHow does Emily Bronte use Gothic elements to enhance the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’? Discuss how Daphne Du Maurier’s ‘Jamaica Inn’ illuminates this.2086 Words   |  9 PagesEmily Bronte use Gothic elements to enhance the novel ‘Wuthering Heights’? Discuss how Daphne Du Maurier’s ‘Jamaica Inn’ illuminates this. In the Victorian era we saw the revival of gothic literature; it fictionalised contemporary fears such as ethical degeneration, unmediated spiritual beliefs against a stern religious faith and also questioned the social structure of the time. Although written almost 100 years apart both Wuthering Heights and Jamaica Inn share many themes and components. Both

Computer Motherboard (Descriptive) Free Essays

Computer Motherboard Motherboard acts like the arteries of a human taking the blood all over allowing the blood to travel. It has many line-like structures that are like the veins and the arteries. These lines are the wires mounted on the motherboard that keep thousandths or even millions of connection. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Motherboard (Descriptive) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Motherboard is a small yet powerful device inside the computer system. The motherboard has three cards on it. First, the graphics card, it is like the eyes of the computer, it acts like the eye that saw and reflects images to the screen. Second, the sound card it is the mouth of the computer, it sends sound to the speaker, it shouts what the computer says. And the third, the modem, the nose of the computer. It sniffs messages from the wires coming from the telephone lines. If there’s a blood, there’s also the heart. The processor of the computer acts as the heart of the computer. It has a square-shaped chip that has many pins. It sits on the motherboard controlling all the cards including the motherboard. It controls, allows, and restricts information that is being disseminated into the system like the heart. It also has a heat sink and a fan keeping the processor cool. To be able to complete the system, it also has the brain. Hard disk serves as the brain of the computer. It is rectangular in shape. Inside it, there’s a mirror-like disk where all the information are stored. The disk spin at greater speed, depending on the information /data is being written into the disk. Motherboard is also consists of chips, transistors, and capacitors. It is the other component of the motherboard that acts like the organs of the system. These chips may be small as a grain of rice and bigger as a coin. Transistor is a small, black in color and rectangular in shape. It is sometimes recognizable because of its three metal legs attached on it. Transistors is consists of thousand or even million of IC (Integrated Circuit) packed in one part. And the capacitors are like tanks attached in the motherboard. It varies in size; it may be small, medium or large depending on the voltage and its capacitance. Motherboard is consists of millions of chips, transistors and IC’s. It acts like the body of the computer. Without it, the computer will not work. It is like the trunk of a tree. It is an amazing thing that has millions of wires attached in a small board. It is powerful and fundamental part that the computer will not work without it. Reference: * Motherboard. Retrieved from http://www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/motherboard How to cite Computer Motherboard (Descriptive), Essays

Psychology Adrian Monk free essay sample

Adrian Monk, portrayed by actor Tony Shalhoub, is the main character in the USA Network series MONK. Monk is a former homicide detective for the San Francisco Police Department, suffering from an anxiety disorder known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as numerous phobias. After Monk’s wife was murdered, his disorder worsened leading to his suspension from the police force. When the series opens, Monk works as a private police homicide consultant and undergoes therapy to overcome his anxiety disorder and phobias. He is assisted by a private nurse who helps him cope with his disability on the job. Part One—Case Study Character Background The episode â€Å"Happy Birthday Mr. Monk† shows that Monk, born October, 17, 1959, is a California man of Welsh ancestry. Monk is 50 years old, and was born in Marin County, CA. He stated, â€Å"His alma mater is the University of California, Berkley. † His parents were very strict and authoritarian. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Adrian Monk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Monk’s father Jack Monk abandoned the family when Monk was eight years old. Jack said that he was going to get Chinese food, but he never came back. Ambrose Monk, Monk’s brother, is agoraphobic and afraid to go out in public. Monk’s mom died in 1994. Because of these childhood family events, Monk is already a very sensitive and fragile person. Mr. Monk dislikes unorganized, rude, dirty, and filthy people. He also dislikes murderers, people who commit evil acts, and criminals on the loose. That is the reason he became a homicide detective. Mr. Monk likes people who help others, such as his physician and Trudy. In addition, he likes organized, clean, and tidy people. Mr. Monk’s strength is that he is a very clever detective. Plus, he has an amazing photographic memory, which helps him catch criminals. His weakness is that he has many phobias, which affect his performance as a detective. Mr. Monk doesn’t have any friends because of the weird and odd behaviors caused by his OCD. His family consists of his assistants/nurses Sharona, and then Natalie. He also works with people in the homicide department, namely Captain Leland Stottlemeyer and Lieutenant Randy Disher. Stressors/Pathology Mr. Monk does not have any relationships with anyone, mainly because of his odd behaviors. He acts strangely in front people because of his OCD. In the episode â€Å"Mr. Monk Makes A New Friend† he annoys a new friend by calling him too much. Monk explains himself, stating, â€Å"I can’t not call him or hear his voice. † It is very annoying to call a friend every hour. That is one example of how Mr. Monk has difficulty with personal relationships. His wife, Trudy Monk, with whom he had a meaningful relationship, died in a car bomb. Before his wife’s death, Mr. Monk’s OCD symptoms had alleviated. After Trudy was murdered, the OCD symptoms intensified, and those around him could clearly see that he had issues, which affected his job performance and led to his isolation. When the series begins, Mr. Monk’s condition is somewhat stable, but his lives in an overly organized apartment. The battle Monk faces daily is how to make it through the day with his OCD. He tries to avoid everything that makes him uncomfortable or is viewed as a threat. Mr. Monk stresses over the fact that every room must be neat and tidy. Plus everything must be a multiple of 10; for example he buys a box of eggs, which contains 12 eggs and deliberately throws two eggs away. Mr. Monk doesn’t have any history of this disorder, but his brother was agoraphobic. Symptoms Other symptoms of OCD manifest themselves typically as ritual behavior such as repetitive hand washing. Mr. Monk needs to wash his hands every time he touches an object or shakes a hand. He becomes obsessed with shapes. For example, his toast has to be a perfect square. Numbers occupy his time. As mentioned above, everything must come in multiples of 10. He has the typical preoccupation with dirt and germs. For example, he can’t stay in an untidy or dirty room; he has to tidy it up. Mr. Monk is terrified of germs, milk, dust, and heights. So what Mr. Monk does all day is try to stay away from all of these fears. These symptoms never emerged in the series; rather, the viewer is led to believe that Mr. Monk had OCD since he was born. However, the viewer is also informed in conversations with the police sergeant and with Monk’s nurse and therapist that what triggered this disorder was the murder of his wife. Immediately after his wife died, his disorder worsened. Outcome of Case Monk’s treatment was to go to Dr. Charles Kroger for psychotherapy that would aid him to cope with his disorder. In the sessions, Mr. Monk talks about what he did during the day and the goals he accomplished. The treatment is not entirely effective, but it helps Mr. Monk relax and get all the stress out. In the long term, Mr. Monk cannot overcome his disorder because he cannot imagine that he can be cured. In addition, he is not a risk taker, meaning he could never do anything that would make him uncomfortable. Because of this, there is little hope that he will be able to completely overcome his disorder. This makes sense because his disorder is inherited, and not attributed to environmental causes. Part Two—Disease Diagnostic Criteria Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a pattern of recurring obsessions and compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming and interfere with a person’s daily functioning. They must cause marked distress (such as pain or physical harm to the person) or significant impairment. Usually, they take more than one hour of a person’s time. It is important to specify whether or not the patient has poor insight, meaning that the person does not realize that the obsessions or compulsions are unreasonable or excessive. At some point, the person must realize that their obsessions and compulsions are not reasonable (i. e. , normal). â€Å"Obsessions are consistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or stress† (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3). Most common obsessions are about contamination with dirt or germs, repeated doubts, a need to have things in a particular order, horrible impulse, the need to shout obscene words, or sexual impulses. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors which people do to reduce the anxiety or distress of the obsessions. For example, repeated hand washing is a compulsion, which satisfies the obsession of repeated thoughts of contamination from dirt. For a complete list of Diagnostic Criteria from the DSM IV-TR, see Appendix A. Etiology (Causes) Nearly 1 to 2 percent of the population suffers from OCD. Most of those begin to be afflicted in early adulthood, and it is often preceded by a particularly stressful event such as pregnancy, childbirth, or family conflict. It may be closely associated with depression, with the disorder developing soon after a bout of depression or the depression developing as a  result of the disorder. Men and women are equally affected. A fairly high proportion (as much as 50 percent) do not marry (Baldridge 2001). Although Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood, it may begin in childhood. Modal age at onset is earlier in males than in females: between ages 6 and 15 years for males and between ages 20 and 29 years for females. For the most part, onset is gradual, but acute onset has been noted in some cases. The majority of individuals have a chronic waxing and waning course, with exacerbation of symptoms that may be related to stress. About 15% show progressive deterioration in occupational and social functioning. About 5% have an episodic course with minimal or no symptoms between episodes (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) No cause for OCD has been isolated. Four theories exist which try to explain the basis of OCD psychologically: guilt, anxiety, and superstition. 1) The theory of guilt has its origins in Freudian psychoanalysis. Freud believed that patients with OCD developed repetitive rituals, such as hand washing, to replace obsessive thoughts about sex. The obsessive ritual, then, was seen as a way to replace the guilt of being overwhelmed by forbidden, sexual thoughts. 2) The anxiety hypothesis poses that OCD behaviors develop to reduce anxiety. Many thought or action patterns emerge as a way of escape from stress, such as daydreaming during an exam or cleaning one’s room rather than studying for a test. If the stress is long lasting, then a compulsive behavior may set in. 3) The superstition theory proposes a connection between a chance association and a reinforcer that induces a continuation of that behavior. In other words, a particular obsessive-compulsive ritual may be reinforced when a positive outcome follows the behavior; anxiety results when the ritual is interrupted. 4) A fourth theory is accepted by those who believe that mental disorders are the result of something physically or physiologically amiss in the sufferer, employing data from brain structure studies, genetics, and biochemistry. Brain chemistry has been found to be altered in those suffering from OCD, along with increased metabolic activity. In addition, relatives of OCD sufferers are twice as likely as unrelated individuals to develop the same disorder, indicating that the tendency for the behavior could be inheritable (Baldridge 2001). Treatments OCD is one of the most difficult disorders to treat. Treatments usually fall into four categories: psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, drug therapy, and psychosurgery. The goal of psychotherapy in treating OCD is to find and then remove an assumed repression so that the patient can deal honestly and openly with whatever is actually feared. It is hoped that in dealing with the fear, the compulsions that have developed to replace the fear will lessen. The most effective type of psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder is behavioral therapy. It can help by desensitizing the patient to the feared object or situation. For example, the therapist will aid the patient in replacing the symptoms of the obsession or compulsion with preventive or replacement actions, such as a non vocal, internal shout of â€Å"stop! † when obsessive thoughts enter the mind or the action of snapping a rubber band on the wrist. Behavioral therapy may also help by gradually lengthening the time between the stimulus and response. For example, a patient may hold dirt and then gradually lengthen the amount of time after which he or she will wash his or her hands. While behavioral treatment can help to control OCD, it does not â€Å"cure† the disorder. Drugs used to treat OCD include antidepressants, tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), LDS, and tryptophan. Antidepressants help by reducing depression by correcting the serotonin abnormality in the brain, which may decrease the need for compulsive behavior. MAOIs may help OCD associated with panic attacks, phobias, and severe anxiety. With drug therapy, it should be noted that when the drugs are stopped, the patient often returns to the obsessive-compulsive behavior. Psychosurgery to reduce OCD is a last resort. The patient would undergo a lobotomy in which the frontal cortex would be separated from the lower brain area in an 8-centimeter square area. A combination of behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and drug therapy is recommended. General Research Behavioral treatments are new ways to deal with the disorder. For example, someone with an obsession about germs might be asked to practice handling dirt and then not washing his hands for increasing lengths of time. With repeated exposure to the anxiety-provoking object or situation without performing the compulsion, usually the anxiety lessens, and the compulsion weakens its hold. Obsessions can fall into one of five categories: 1. Obsessive doubts, which are persistent doubts that a task has been completed. 2. Obsessive thinking, which is an almost infinite chain of thought, targeting future events. Obsessive impulses, which are very strong urges to perform certain actions, whether they be trivial or serious, that would likely be harmful to the obsessive person or someone else and that are socially unacceptable. 4. Obsessive fears, which are thoughts that the person has lost control and will act in some way that will cause public embarrassment. 5. Obsessive images, which are continued visual pictures of either a real or an imagined event. (DSM IV-TR, 300. 3) Compulsions on the other hand are repeated, ritualized behaviors. For example, fearing one has forgotten to turn off an appliance, such as a stove, is a common obsession. It is likely to be accompanied by a compulsion to check repeatedly, perhaps hundreds of times each day, perhaps to see if the appliance has been turned off. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors, the goal of which is to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress, not to provide pleasure or gratification. In most cases, the person feels driven to perform the compulsion to reduce the distress that accompanies an obsession or to prevent some dreaded event or situation. For example, those with obsessions about being contaminated may reduce their mental distress by washing their hands until their skin is raw. There is difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). A personality disorder is, on the one hand, a type of mental illness characterized by serious and persistent distortions in the total personality. Every perception, attitude, feeling and behavior is affected. OCD, on the other hand, is an anxiety disorder. Like other anxiety disorders, fear is at its root—fear of a hot appliance burning down the house, for example, or fear of the body being contaminated by germs. The fear produces an anxiety which can only be alleviated by a ritual, or compulsion, which will reduce the fear. Conclusion Evaluation of Case In conclusion, Adrian Monk has Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. He satisfies the following OCD patterns of behavior: 1. Washer, because he is afraid of contamination; 2. Checker, because Mr. Monk repeatedly checks if the door is locked, or whether the oven is turned off. Mr. Monk checks everything a dozen time just to make sure. For example, he checks his oven if it is closed everyday at least twelve times; 3. Arranger, because he always arranges his utensils based on size and shape and his books based on color. He cannot function in a messy room or disorganized room. In addition, Mr. Monk has other phobias, such as fear of blood and fear of the woods. He is terrified of germs, milk, heights, and spiders. Mr. Monk has a rule that everything he has must come as a multiple of ten. When he buys milk, he gets 10 bottles even though he lives alone and the milk will expire before he has time to drink it all. Monk’s symptoms may improve with therapy, but his OCD will not completely resolve.